Ammonium Nitrate Commercial Grade Prills. Ammonium nitrate can absorb enough moisture to liquefy. CopyCopied, CSID:21511, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.21511.html (accessed 03:20, Jan 9, 2021) CopyCopied, DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O The industrial production of ammonium nitrate entails the acid-base reaction of ammonia with nitric acid:[10]. [21] The resulting heat and pressure from decomposition increases the sensitivity to detonation and increases the speed of decomposition. However, it can be induced to decompose explosively by detonation. but virtually 100% of the chemical now used is synthetic. Pyrotechnics data for your hobby. But the chemical has a more nefarious use -- as an explosive. Add to cart. Ammonium nitrate can explode through two mechanisms: InChI=1S/NO3.H3N/c2-1(3)4;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Production, reactions and crystalline phases, Ammonium Nitrate-Regulating its use, Balancing Access & Protection from, largest artificial non-nuclear explosions, "Ammonium nitrate production by country, 2019 - knoema.com". [6] Accidental ammonium nitrate explosions have killed thousands of people since the early 20th century. The fuel oil is not precisely CH2, but this is sufficiently accurate to characterize the reaction. [15] It is less concentrated than urea (46-0-0), giving ammonium nitrate a slight transportation disadvantage. While ammonium nitrate is stable at ambient temperature and pressure under many conditions, it may detonate from a strong initiation charge. It is made by reacting nitric acid with anhydrous ammonia under very carefully controlled conditions. Numerous safety guidelines are available for storing and handling ammonium nitrate. Related products. In order to understand this, let’s take a look at the number of atoms within a molecule of NO3 and understand how formal charges are calculated. Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Market report is structured with the meticulous efforts of an innovative, enthusiastic, knowledgeable and experienced team of … Therefore, only one NH 4 + ion can form an ionic bond with one NO 3 – ion. Description; Description. These prills or granules are the typical AN products in commerce. Ammonium nitrate has the chemical formula NH₄NO₃. If you want to increase the amount of ammonium in solution ammonium sulfate (shown below) is usually the cheapest source. Kauffman said, in principle, ammonium nitrate should be highly explosive by itself, but it is not. Ammonium Nitrate quantity. However, like many ionic compounds, ammonium nitrate dissolves readily in water, resulting in the separation of the ammonium cation from the nitrate anion.. Because most soil particles have a negative charge, they will repel negatively charged ions like nitrate. [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] Total compositions by your criteria: 51 Ammonia produced by the Haber process can be oxidized to nitric acid by the Ostwald process. [32], Ammonium nitrate is not hazardous to health and is usually used in fertilizer products.[32][33][34]. [26][21], Contact with certain substances such as chlorates, mineral acids and metal sulfides, can lead to vigorous or even violent decomposition capable of igniting nearby combustible material or detonating. Ammonium nitrate fertilizer is the most common use of the compound, but it also has a very volatile nature, which makes it useful in certain industries. Ammonia is used in its anhydrous form (a gas) and the nitric acid is concentrated. The potential for use of the material as an explosive has prompted regulatory measures. It has a role as a protic solvent. Health and safety data are shown on the safety data sheets available from suppliers and from various governments.[21][22][23]. It should not be heated in a confined space. Ammonium nitrate provides both, intimately associated in each molecule. Ammonium nitrate is an odorless, nearly colorless crystal salt. It should not be stored near high explosives or blasting agents. Ammonium nitrate-based explosives were used in the Sterling Hall bombing in Madison, Wisconsin, 1970, the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, the 2011 Delhi bombings, the 2011 bombing in Oslo, and the 2013 Hyderabad blasts. The chemical compound ammonium nitrate, the nitrate of ammonia with the chemical formula NH4NO3, is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and standard pressure. Ammonium nitrate is an important fertilizer with NPK rating 34-0-0 (34% nitrogen). It is also the main component in many types of mining explosives, where it's mixed with fuel oil and detonated by an explosive charge. Using larger ammonium to nitrate ratios – like 5:5 – may bring you more pH stability but this may be at the cost of crop productivity. Both decomposition reactions are exothermic and their products are gas. Ammonium nitrate has an LD50 of 2217 mg/kg,[35] which for comparison is about two-thirds that of table salt. Detonation may occur at 80 atmospheres. Under normal conditions, it is quite stable (i.e. Being an oxidising agent, ammonium nitrate (AN) is commonly mixed with fuel to make explosives. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, although it does not form hydrates. [26], Ammonium nitrate has a critical relative humidity of 59.4%, above which it will absorb moisture from the atmosphere. For this reason, phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) which incorporates metal halides as stabilisers has been investigated.[14]. Numerous safety guidelines are available for storing and handling ammonium nitrate. Examples of such disasters are. Click to predict properties on the Chemicalize site, For medical information relating to Covid-19, please consult the, ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, Compounds with the same molecular formula, Search Google for structures with same skeleton, Inorganic Compound; Non-Metal; Fertilizer; Nitrate; Household Toxin; Industrial/Workplace Toxin; Synthetic Compound, DANGER: OXIDIZER, irritates skin and eyes. Ammonium Nitrate. Ammonium nitrate makes a great fertilizer that can be directly applied to the soil. It is the main component of ANFO, a very popular explosive. Therefore, it is important to store ammonium nitrate in a tightly sealed container. It is commonly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer, and it has also been used as an oxidizing agent in explosives, including improvised explosive devices. The fertilizer was a 50:50 mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate and the factory had used this method of disaggregation over 20,000 times without incident. View information & documentation regarding Ammonium nitrate, including CAS, MSDS & more. It is highly soluble in water; heating of the water solution decomposes the salt to nitrous oxide (laughing gas). When heated, ammonium nitrate decomposes non-explosively into gases of oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor; however, it can be induced to decompose explosively by detonation into nitrous oxide and water vapor. The reaction is violent owing to its highly exothermic nature. As a result, this phase transition and attending change of volume, with the practical consequence that ammonium nitrate formed as solid rocket motor propellant develops cracks. Burst charges. Solid ammonium nitrate decomposes on heating. It also was used, in combination with independently explosive "fuels" such as guanidine nitrate,[18][19] as a cheaper (but less stable) alternative to 5-aminotetrazole in the inflators of airbags manufactured by Takata Corporation, which were recalled as unsafe after killing 14 people.[20]. Under certain conditions, this can lead to a runaway reaction, with the decomposition process becoming explosive. Molten ammonium nitrate is very sensitive to shock and detonation, particularly if it becomes contaminated with incompatible materials such as combustibles, flammable liquids, acids, chlorates, chlorides, sulfur, metals, charcoal and sawdust. It is also the main component in many types of mining explosives, where it's mixed with fuel oil and detonated by an explosive charge. A white deliquescent crystalline solid. Its other major use is as a component of explosive mixtures used in mining, quarrying, and civil construction. These Compositions produce an amount of gas very fast, and are used as lift charges and burst charges in pyrotechnic devices such as erial shells (as the lift charge and the burst charge), in firecrackers (as the burst charge), mines (as the lift charge) and roman candles (as the lift charge). Ammonium Nitrate. Due to these bans, "Potassium chlorate – the stuff that makes safety matches catch fire – has surpassed fertilizer as the explosive of choice for insurgents. Sigma-Aldrich offers a number of Ammonium nitrate products. Health and safety data are shown on the material safety data sheets, which are available from suppliers and can be found on the internet. The prills or granules may be further dried, cooled, and then coated to prevent caking. Ammonium Nitrate (a.k.a. The resulting material is further processed to form granular prills. Ammonium Nitrate is a white crystalline, dry prill with the chemical formula NH 4 NO 3. In November 2009, the government of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan imposed a ban on ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizers in the former Malakand Division – comprising the Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Swat, Chitral, and Malakand districts of the NWFP – following reports that those chemicals were used by militants to make explosives. 1910.109(i)(3)(ii)(a) Containers of ammonium nitrate shall not be accepted for storage when the temperature of the ammonium nitrate exceeds 130 deg. Storage of Bags, Drums, and Containers of Ammonium Nitrate. Employees of those with licenses to deal with the substance are still required to be supervised by authorized personnel and are required to pass a security and national police check before a license may be granted. It is an organoammonium salt and an ionic liquid. it is an ingredient of many explosives, rather than an explosive itself). [12] See § Disasters for details. The ammonia required for this process is obtained by the Haber process from nitrogen and hydrogen. The net charge on this ion is -1 (since the nitrogen atom holds a charge of +1 and each oxygen atom holds a charge of -⅔). [21][24][25] It should not be stored near combustible substances. The following occur under atmospheric pressure. The molecule of ammonium nitrate is formed by the union of 2 nitrogen atoms, 4 hydrogen atoms and 3 oxygen atoms. It is a white crystalline solid consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. A number of crystalline phases of ammonium nitrate have been observed. [30] Licenses are granted only to applicants (industry) with appropriate security measures in place to prevent any misuse. Regulation is stymied ionic bond with one NO 3 – ion are ammonium nitrate charge water... Exothermic and their products are gas is less concentrated than urea ( )... % nitrogen ) 27 ] [ 24 ] [ 25 ] it is an ingredient of many explosives rather... 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